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Contoh Teks Analytical Exposition
1. Contoh Teks Analytical Exposition Tentang Kesehatan
Colon Cancer Awareness Must Start Early For African Americans
Thesis:
March was officially dedicated as National Colon Cancer Awareness Month in February 2000 by President Bill Clinton. Since then, the month has been recognized as a time to particularly draw attention to the need for awareness-raising, screening, and prevention of colon cancer.
Colon and rectal cancer are the 3rd most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. It is the second leading cause of cancer death in men and women combined in the United States. The American Cancer Society, estimates that this year alone, 136,830 people will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer and of those diagnosed, 50,310 will die from the disease.
Although these numbers may seem high, they are decreasing as the incidence and mortality of colon and rectal cancer is decreasing – in large part due to greater awareness of the disease and increased screening.
However, the decline in incidence and mortality occurred much more slowly for the African-American population. African Americans tend to have the highest mortality rates and lowest survival rates when compared to all other racial groups.
Colorectal cancer rates are 25 percent higher and death rates are 50 percent higher in African Americans than Caucasians. African Americans are also more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. These findings have been associated with lower screening rates in minorities, later disease stage at presentation and reduced access to health care.
The average lifetime risk of developing colon cancer is about one in 20 (5%). The exact cause of colon and rectal cancer is unknown but there are several risk factors that are thought to be associated with its development.
The question that often arises is who should be screened and when?
Genetics, age over 50 years, family history of colon cancer and colon polyps, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and smoking are some of the risk factors identified. Diets high in red meat and fat and low in fiber, calcium and folate have also been thought to be linked to the development of colon cancer.
Colonoscopy is the most widely used tool to screen for colon cancer. It is the only modality to date that can screen and treat patients with the identification and subsequent removal of colon and rectal polyps. Polyps can be hyperplastic (benign) or adenomatous (pre-cancerous). These are fleshy growths in the inner lining of the colon that can become cancerous. Cancer begins when cells in the body start to grow out of control. The goal of screening colonoscopy is to detect and remove these polyps before they become cancerous.
The question that often arises is who should be screened and when? Current guidelines from several medical societies recommend screening average-risk people without symptoms at age 50.
In 2005, The American College of Gastroenterology published new guidelines for screening African Americans for colorectal cancer starting at age 45 because of differences in incidence and survival.
Some of the reasons for the health disparity may be due to lack of public knowledge about the benefits of screening, limited access to health care and insurance as well as fear, mistrust and anxiety about testing and the health care system. Doctors may not be aware of adjusted guidelines and may have discordant recommendations for screening.
With proper screening and lifestyle adjustments, the incidence of colon cancer can be significantly reduced. The American Institute for Cancer Research recommends at least 30 minutes a day of moderate activity for cancer prevention. Diets high in fiber, fruit and vegetables have been thought to have a protective effect. Fighting obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are also ways to help fight cancer.
Talking to family and friends about their risk and the need for screening as well as community outreach and education programs, along with regularly scheduled doctor checkups and colon cancer screening can go a long way in preventing colon cancer. If found early enough, colon cancer can be effectively treated and cured.
Editor : Muri Setiawan
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